Evaluation of the awareness of electromagnetic compatibility and interference for improved medical device management observed in selected Rwanda district hospitals

Accuracy and reliability of medical device measurements are essential for high-quality healthcare delivery. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is 1 of the conditions that can be monitored when managing electronic and wireless medical devices in hospitals. Noncompliance with EMC can lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI), risking catastrophic failures, especially in vital sign devices such as defibrillators and pacemakers, and potentially irreversible harm to patients' health. This study assessed the knowledge of biomedical engineers and technicians regarding EMC and EMI in hospital devices and their effects. It also examines how hospitals manage biomedical equipment and the frequency of wireless communication usage. This study utilized an anonymous questionnaire administered to 35 biomedical personnel in Rwanda district hospitals. Face-to-face interviews were used for data collection. SPSS was used to analyze the data through descriptive analyses statistically, and a regression model was designed to evaluate the impact of electromagnetic compatibility and interference on medical device management (MDM). A statistical significance of 0.05 was assumed. The regression model predicted MDM with a significance level of 0.009 based on ANOVA values. A Pearson's correlation test was also performed for the model. The results indicated an inverse relationship of -0.470 for EMI against MDM and -0.469 for EMC against MDM. A total of 24 (68.6%) respondents were unaware of electromagnetic compatibility/interference issues and 11 (31.4%) were familiar with it. All 35 respondents indicated that maintenance is currently being performed on medical devices. High usage of wireless devices, for professional and personal purposes is highlighted. Based on the results, both electromagnetic compatibility and understanding of interference influenced MDM. To ensure optimal medical device performance and improve hospital safety, we recommend continuous monitoring of medical device electromagnetic compatibility. Additionally, EMC/EMI awareness training can be incorporated into on-the-job training programs for biomedical staff members.