Survey and Genetic Identification of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus, Watermelon Mosaic Virus, and Melon Necrotic Spot Virus Infecting Watermelon and Muskmelon in South Korea

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo), both members of the Cucurbitaceae, are economically important fruit crops in Korea. Various viruses cause major diseases, significantly reducing their production. In this study, we investigated the incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) by collecting symptomatic watermelon and muskmelon leaves from nine cities (65 fields) across Korea between 2019 and 2023. At least one of the viruses was detected in 125 samples, with ZYMV, WMV, and MNSV identified in 74, 27, and 52 samples, respectively. Most ZYMV and WMV isolates were classified as subgroup III of ZYMV group A and subgroup I of WMV group A, respectively. MNSV isolates were clustered into two distinct groups: the muskmelon group and the watermelon group. This report will help farmers develop effective viral disease management strategies for watermelon and muskmelon crops in Korea.