Ovarian Stromal Tumor Presenting as Ovarian Torsion: A Case Report

Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) are a rare subset of ovarian neoplasms originating from supportive tissues surrounding oocytes. Despite their rarity, prompt diagnosis and management are crucial due to their potential for diverse clinical presentations and the need to optimize patient outcomes. A 25-year-old female patient was initially diagnosed with pyelonephritis but later discovered to have a large right adnexal mass suspected to be a tubo-ovarian abscess. Further evaluation, including tumor markers and imaging, suggested the possibility of a germ cell tumor or sex-cord stromal tumor, leading to surgical intervention. During surgery, a necrotic tubo-ovarian mass with torsion was found and removed, with subsequent pathology confirming a benign stromal tumor. The patient experienced a smooth recovery postoperatively. The management of ovarian SCST, which is rare and has varied clinical presentations, requires accurate diagnosis and a customized treatment approach. These typically benign tumors can produce steroid hormones, leading to distinct symptoms like virilization or estrogen excess. Diagnostic tools include imaging and tumor markers, while surgical options range from conservative to extensive based on specific tumor and patient characteristics. Post-treatment surveillance involves monitoring symptoms and tumor markers. Advancing the understanding and care of these tumors relies on ongoing research and collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts to improve patient outcomes.