EKMEK VE EKMEKÇİ ESNAFINA DAİR BİR İNCELEME: URFA (1822-1918)

In Urfa, bread was baked in homes as well as in bakeries located in various neighbourhoods of the city. The professional bakeries that emerged with urbanisation led to the emergence of a new profession, bakery. Our study focuses on bread, which is one of the basic food products, and the bakers who were responsible for the production of this bread. In this context, it is aimed to examine the bread bakeries in Urfa, the weights and prices of the bread produced, and the social life of the bakers. It should be noted that the study to be conducted within this framework has many findings. One of the findings is the fact that the organisation of the bread shopkeepers is located in various districts of the city, unlike other tradesmen groups. The other is that most of the shops of these tradesmen, who contributed to the commercial cycle of the city, belonged to a foundation. This situation not only provided income to the foundations to which they were affiliated, but also contributed to the physical fabric of the city. Serving the residents of Urfa, tradesmen also produced bread and rusks for the army when the need arose. Among the other findings of the study is that the rusks prepared by the cooperative method were delivered to the military headquarters with keleks. Our spatial limitation includes the kaza of Urfa. Our temporal limitation covers the years 1822-1918. However, in order to ensure the integrity of the study, it was necessary to mention the 17th and 18th centuries. Since the records on the socio-economic life of the baker's tradesmen, such as the records related to the sale and purchase transactions and the supervision of the tradesmen contain data on the socio-economic life of the baker's tradesmen, the Urfa Kadi Registers are one of our reference sources. In addition, the documents found in the archive in retail form, the records of the foundations' evkafs and the works of research on the subject are among the sources we have benefited from. In the study focusing on bread and bread makers; data document analysis from qualitative research methods was used. A case study was analysed.