Design and simulation of a high gain efficient frequency reconfigurable miniaturized micro strip antenna for millimeter-wave application with enhancing gain and efficiency using the PIN diode

Due to congestion and deterioration in the electromagnetic spectrum below 10 GHz. Research is being done on the migration to the millimeter-wave spectrum. In this paper, a novel compact (6.4 x 7 x 0.8) mm3 frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is introduced, which operates at V, Q, and E-Bands. A P-I-N diode positioned between the primary patch and the secondary patch controls the frequency re-configurability and the antenna's gain and efficiency improvement. The patches are made of copper material printed on a Rogers RT5880LZ with a thickness, relative permittivity, and loss tang of 0.8 mm, 2.2, and 0.0009. An optimum gain and efficiency have been obtained at 52.4 GHz, 9 dB and 95.5 percent, and with a little less 8.64 dB and 95 percent, with a low side lobe level (SLL) of -19.8 dB at 57.8 GHz and a broad bandwidth of 4.6 GHz at 83 GHz, respectively. The antenna is designed using CST Studio software.