Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy with Buerger Allen exercise versus LIPUS with Buerger Allen exercise for diabetic foot ulcer

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a severe diabetes complication with a burden similar to cancer. Risk factors include peripheral neuropathy, arterial disease, foot abnormalities, and socioeconomic and geographical influences. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) relieves pain, promotes tissue repair, and aids wound healing. Ultrasound therapy enhances circulation and tissue healing through sound waves. Buerger-Allen Exercises (BAE) improve lower extremity perfusion, aiding wound healing and reducing neuropathy symptoms. Purpose: This pilot study compared the effectiveness of LLLT with BAE versus Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Therapy (LIPUS) with BAE in managing DFUs. Methods: 40 patients were assigned to two groups (20 each). Group A received LLLT for 10 minutes, while Group B received LIPUS for 10 minutes. Both groups performed BAE for 10 minutes on alternate days, 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT), and Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale (DFS). Results: Both groups showed significant improvements (P ≤ 0.05), but LLLT with BAE was superior in pain reduction, wound healing, and quality of life. Conclusion: LLLT with Buerger-Allen exercises is a more effective treatment for DFUs than LIPUS.