Integral Sliding Mode Control with Dual-Hormone for an Artificial Pancreas

Low concentration of glucose, “hypoglycemia” is the most critical complication for type 1 diabetes patients, may lead to coma or death. For this purpose, a dual-hormonal control of glycaemia is required, using insulin to recover the period of hyperglycemia and glucagon to treat hypoglycemia. In this study, an extended mathematical model of blood glucose is presented, taking into account the dynamics of the glucagon hormone. An Integral Sliding Mode Control ISMC was developed using a hysteresis switch between two hormones, “insulin and glucagon”.The numerical simulation results show that the proposed controllers have many advantages, such as robustness to parameter variance, change in the initial condition, and external disturbance.