Neurofunctional Impacts of COVID-19: Memory Loss and Cognitive Decline and Treatment

Abstract: Although SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 has been responsible for pneumonia, recent studies indicate that it also affects the kidneys, heart, and brain, among other vital organs. Evidence suggests that this virus may travel retrogradely from the olfactory epithelium to brain stem sections, causing neurological impairments in a significant number of individuals. Individuals with severe COVID-19 frequently have elevated cytokines that promote inflammation and acute respiratory failure and require frequent supportive ventilation. These factors are believed to contribute to cognitive deterioration. Severe neurological outcomes in COVID-19 patients include- paralysis, stroke, cranial nerve deficits, delirium, encephalopathy, seizures, and meningitis. The virus, with its unique structure, and a high binding affinity for the human enzyme ACE2 (used as an entry point by the virus), contributes significantly to its deadly nature. Furthermore, to address the outbreak effectively, researchers worldwide must develop precise treatment strategies. Advancing new diagnostic and treatment methods to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 on cognition requires further epidemiological research and clinical experience. Additionally, by understanding the virus's impact on cognitive functions, healthcare professionals can develop targeted treatments to alleviate these severe neurological consequences.