An educational review on over-the-counter drugs- A Pharmacovigilance-based approach

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, a crucial component of the healthcare system, can be sold to the consumer without a registered medical practitioner (RMP) prescription. They are safe and effective when used according to the instructions on the label and as directed by healthcare professionals. OTC medications are effective in treating common ailments. Switching drugs from prescription to OTC has increased worldwide, saving time and reducing the burden on the healthcare system. Many people rely on OTC to treat everyday ailments like headaches, colds, fever, coughs, indigestion, flu, and dermatitis. Therefore, a wide safety margin must be established for the OTC drugs. OTC product benefits must outweigh the risks, and the chances of misuse of it should be low. Consumers think that OTC medicines are safe since pharmacists dispense them without a prescription from a registered medical practitioner. However, OTC has adverse effects and could be misused, abused, or interact with prescription drugs. Failure to comply with directions may lead to serious side effects. For example, an overdose of Acetaminophen has been associated with liver damage. Analgesics increase gastrointestinal tract bleeding even when taken at appropriate doses. Cough products such as Dextromethorphan and Diphenhydramine may be abused due to their euphoric and alcohol-like effects. A distinct Pharmacovigilance system should be implemented to optimize the safe use of OTC drugs.3