Analysis of the Impact of Different Carbon Emission Reduction Subsidy Policies on Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decisions

To analyze the impact of different carbon emission reduction subsidy policies on closed-loop supply chain decisions, this paper constructs a closed-loop supply chain model consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. Under three government subsidy policies, game models for closed-loop supply chain decision-making are established. The influence of relevant parameters on equilibrium outcomes under different subsidy policies is analyzed. Furthermore, the impacts of the three subsidy policies on emission reduction levels, supply chain profits, and social welfare are compared and analyzed. Numerical simulations are conducted to examine the effects of different subsidy strategies under identical government subsidy expenditure conditions. The research shows that: (1) Manufacturers and the government should adopt promotional measures to enhance consumers' preference for low-carbon products, as this can effectively increase the manufacturer's level of emission reduction and improve the profits of all parties in the supply chain. (2) Manufacturers and the government should actively explore emission reduction technologies to lower the cost coefficient of emission reduction, which will promote higher levels of emission reduction and increase profits for all parties in the supply chain. (3) Among the different subsidy policies, the government should adopt policies that subsidize manufacturers' investments in emission reduction technologies, thereby achieving greater emission reductions and effectively promoting an increase in social welfare.