Insights using Hamilton-Crosser model in Williamson hybrid nanofluids with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions and diagonal electromagnetic effects

The study of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)-based Williamson hybrid nanofluids offers a significant leap in fluid dynamics and thermal management systems. This research investigates the flow characteristics over a porous, horizontally stretched cylindrical surface, incorporating complex phenomena such as Hall current, ion slip, diagonal magnetic fields, suction, velocity slip and thermal slip. A unique aspect is the inclusion of uniform and exponentially space-dependent heat sources, critical for advanced thermal transport processes. Using the Hamilton-Crosser model for accurate thermophysical properties and the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method for numerical analysis, the study examines the impact of varying hybrid nanoparticle concentrations (4% to 20%) on flow behaviour. The findings reveal that nanoparticles enhance viscosity, significantly increasing skin friction and momentum transfer, even as factors like the Weissenberg number, Hall current and ion slip mitigate these effects. The study emphasises the thermal management advantages of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-based Williamson hybrid nanofluids, especially when heat sources and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions are involved. Notable differences are observed between pure Carboxymethyl Cellulose-based Williamson fluids and their hybrid nanofluid counterparts, particularly in velocity, temperature distribution and reaction dynamics. These results are promising for practical applications such as magnetic drug targeting, porous heat exchangers, magnetohydrodynamic systems and electronic cooling. The research underscores the potential of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-based Williamson hybrid nanofluids to enhance energy efficiency and reliability in industrial processes, making them pivotal for future developments in heat management technologies.