Superconductivity and surface structures in iron-doped bulk compound Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂(Cu0.99Fe0.01)₃O10+δ

Nowadays, researchers are extremely fascinated with the study of the doping effects of nanostructures of different materials, sizes and concentrations in high [Formula: see text] superconductors. This paper presents the presence of nanorods (N) structures, which have not previously been observed in the bulk HTSCs materials, and the influence of Iron doping in Bi-2223 superconductor using composition Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca[Formula: see text](Cu[Formula: see text]Fe x ) n O[Formula: see text], ([Formula: see text]) for ([Formula: see text] and 0.01). The composition is prepared through a solid state route (SSR). The obtained samples are characterized with XRD, FESEM with EDX, HR-TEM and FTIR, and categorized into two samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O[Formula: see text], and Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 (Cu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]) 3 O[Formula: see text], respectively, which show Lattice dimensions [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å with Orthorhombic crystal structure, respectively. The FE-SEM micrographs show plate-like layered structures and (N) in the samples, which are uniformly distributed. The obtained size of crystallite nanoparticles is 2[Formula: see text]nm–100[Formula: see text]nm, calculated by the Scherrer method, and verified with HR-TEM data. The HR-TEM study also confirmed the layered form in the orthorhombic phase. The FESEM-EDX energy peaks in the spectrum confirm the presence of the elements in both samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]). The HRTEM-EDX confirms the extant iron in the sample in the form of (N). The FTIR bond stretching 1630.89[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 1629.657[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] of the samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]), respectively, confirms the superconductor bismuth-based 2223 phase, respectively. The electrical resistivity study of ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) samples shows the critical temperature ([Formula: see text]) of 63.083[Formula: see text]K and 22.8195[Formula: see text]K, respectively. The onset temperature for both samples is measured at 115.1785[Formula: see text]K and 68.314[Formula: see text]K, which represent the Bi-2223 phase. The magnetoresistance is obtained at low temperatures by a physical properties measurement system (PPMS) and with the increasing order of applied magnetic field from 0 to 12 Tesla, an increase in the resistivity in the pure sample ([Formula: see text]) and also a decrease in transition temperature are observed. These results are as similar to those obtained in the Bi-2223 Superconductor. The results show the growth of nanoparticles in the iron-doped Bisco superconductors.