The 19 ^th -Century Beginnings of the Modern Hungarian Art Novel/Novella and the Emergence of the Modern Literary Profession

Abstract The article explores the emergence and significance of the modern Hungarian art novel and novella in the 19 th century, situating it within a broader transnational literary framework. The genre, often overlooked in literary histories, reflects the socio-cultural modernization of the era and the professionalization of the arts. Through the lens of seminal Hungarian works like Pál Gyulai’s The Old Actor and Júlia Apraxin’s The Diary of Ilma Szerendy , the study delves into themes of artistic autonomy, emotional depth, and the societal challenges faced by artists, particularly actors and actresses. These narratives illuminate the paradoxical nature of artistic independence – intertwined with societal expectations and market constraints – while also addressing gender dynamics in the context of artistic creation. By linking Hungarian and global literary traditions, the paper argues for a reevaluation of the 19 th -century art novel/novella/short story as a critical expression of artistic and intellectual modernity, emphasizing its enduring relevance in understanding the complex identity of the modern artist.