An Unusual Presentation of Renal Hydatidosis: Mimicking a Staghorn Calculus

Renal hydatidosis is a rare condition, constituting less than 3% of all hydatid cases. It can mimic common urological conditions, such as staghorn calculi, leading to diagnostic challenges. We present a case of renal hydatidosis initially suspected as a staghorn calculus. A 56-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of progressive right-sided lumbar pain and intermittent hematuria. Imaging revealed a staghorn calculus with significant pelvicalyceal dilation. Laparoscopic surgery for stone removal uncovered multiple calcified hydatid cysts. Postoperative hydatid serology was positive, confirming renal hydatidosis. The patient was treated with albendazole, and a favorable clinical outcome was achieved. This case highlights the importance of considering hydatid disease as a differential diagnosis for renal stones, especially in endemic regions, to ensure appropriate surgical management.