In vivo Effect of Momordica charantia on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activity in Diabetic Rats

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterised by prolonged high blood glucose levels due to insulin action, production, and resistance issues. In 2015, the prevalence was estimated at 415 million individuals aged between 20 and 79. The number of deaths is expected to rise by 578 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2045, ranking the disease as the 6th most significant cause of death globally. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM using dipeptidyl peptidase. A total of 30 Wistar rats were separated into 6 groups namely (1) control, (2) STZ-NA-induced, (3) STZ-Na-induced group treated with DPP-4i, (4) STZ-Na-induced group treated with MCE 75 mg/kg bw, (5) STZ-Na-induced group treated with MCE 150 mg/kg bw, and (6) STZ-Na-induced group treated with MCE 300 mg/kg bw. DPP-4 levels were quantified using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that the Kruskal-Wallis DPP-4 test indicated a non-significant difference among the groups (p=0.192), with the DPP-4 level in the MCE 300 mg/kg bw group being lower than the vildagliptin group. In T2DM model rats, Momordica charantia ethanol extract at 300 mg/Kg bw was more effective than vildagliptin in reducing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).