Enhancing Bovine Reproduction: The Progress of Artificial Insemination in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Artificial insemination (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in bovine reproduction, revolutionising the agricultural sector globally. In countries like Ethiopia, where livestock is a vital component of the economy and plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and supporting rural livelihoods, advancements in AI hold immense promise and potential. AI has been instrumental in improving the genetic quality of bovine populations, increasing milk and meat production, and facilitating the dissemination of superior genetic traits across diverse breeds. In Ethiopia, traditional breeding practices often face challenges related to limited access to superior breeding stock and inadequate breeding management. The adoption of AI techniques can address these constraints and pave the way for sustainable livestock development. The importance of bovine AI in Ethiopia is underscored by the country's large bovine population, which primarily consists of indigenous zebu cattle breeds known for their adaptability to local environmental conditions. However, challenges persist regarding its widespread adoption and implementation in Ethiopia. Key obstacles include limited access to quality semen from superior sires, inadequate infrastructure and facilities for AI services, insufficient training and capacity building among veterinary professionals and inseminators, and socioeconomic barriers faced by smallholder farmers in accessing AI services. This review aims to critically examine the progress made in bovine AI in Ethiopia, identify the obstacles and constraints hindering its full‐scale adoption, and explore prospects and strategies for overcoming these challenges. By delving into the latest research findings, policy frameworks and practical experiences in bovine AI, this review seeks to provide valuable insights and recommendations for leveraging AI technology to enhance livestock productivity, genetic diversity and sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia.