Entropy analysis in tri-hybrid nanofluid flow past a curved surface with applications of heat radiation and Lorentz force; numerical simulation

The analysis of nanofluids has a significant role in modern technologies due to their enhanced thermophysical properties. In the industrial and engineering sectors, the use of tri-hybrid nanofluids has a remarkable role due to their better thermophysical characteristics as compared to nanofluid and ordinary fluids. In the current mathematical model, an incompressible magnetized tri-hybrid nanofluid (THNF) flow through a porous curved surface is studied. The impacts of Darcy–Forchheimer medium, natural convection, and Cattaneo-Christov (C-C) heat flux are also considered. The THNF has been prepared by the accumulations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), and iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) in the ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 -50%) and water (H 2 O-50%). The modeled equations are simplified into non-dimensional form by employing the similarity technique. The obtained set of differential equations is further numerically evaluated through the PCM (parametric continuation method). The consequences of flow parameters are examined versus the entropy production, energy distribution, velocity profile, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The finding reveals that higher permeability parameter values improved the velocity distribution, while, the impact of the inertia coefficient drops the velocity field. Furthermore, a rise in entropy generation has been noticed against the variation in unsteadiness parameter and variable porosity.