A Stage‐Gate Framework for Upscaling of Single‐Junction Perovskite Photovoltaics
Abstract To address the challenge of upscaling single‐junction perovskite photovoltaics (PV) toward market‐relevant performance in a structured and efficient manner, a stage‐gate approach that divides the process into stages according to technology readiness levels (TRLs) is proposed. Whereas the first stage contains only material research, the later stages are concerned with the development from lab‐scale devices to large‐area modules, and properties such as device size as well as processing methods are adapted step‐by‐step toward commercializable techniques. The stages are connected by gates that specify the criteria that must be met for a material or process to be transferred to the next stage. In addition, a literature survey for the keywords “perovskite” and “module” is performed. This analysis shows that most of the reported modules have an area between 10 cm 2 and 20 cm 2 , corresponding to stage 3 or TRL 5 in the scheme, and operational stability is often incompletely reported. These findings analysis indicate a significant gap in the research focus on large‐area modules and elevated stress and field tests, which are essential for transitioning to commercial applications. It is suggested to use the proposed stage‐gate process as an efficient and structured guideline toward commercializing perovskite PV.
Authors
- Christian Sprau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-894X)
- Luigi Angelo Castriotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2525-8852)
- Thomas Unold
- Bernd Stannowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-3954)
- Andreas Distler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-2180)
- Simon Ternes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-6317)
- Thomas Kirchartz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-8213)
- Susan Schorr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-614X)
- Jens Hauch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-2112)
- Eva Unger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-867X)
- Ulrich W. Paetzold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-8361)
- Karen Forberich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-9562)
- Steve Albrecht (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-1267)
- Christoph J. Brabec
Institutions
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (DE)
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Published
- 2024-12-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404036
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.83
Funders
- European Commission
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme