Exploring inclusion in the public sphere: A comprehensive systematic review

This research explores the importance of public space as an important communication arena in supporting democracy and community participation. By adopting the systematic literature review (SLR) method, this study analyzed 38 articles published between 2014 and 2024, related to public communication and the dynamics of public space. The results of the study show that public spaces, both traditional and digital, play an important role in facilitating dialog and citizen participation. This article highlights the challenges facing digital public spaces, such as disinformation and polarization, and emphasizes the importance of education and political awareness to increase citizen engagement. In addition, factors influencing the ideal speech situation (ISS) in public spaces were identified, including culture, access, and equality. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how public spaces can be optimized as a means to encourage active community participation in decision-making processes and inclusive social development. The findings of this study are expected to provide recommendations for policymakers and activists in the field of public communication to create a more inclusive and effective public space, as well as support the sustainable development goals (SDGs).