Relationship between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia is a dysregulation of the lipid profile that is represented by increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides or by a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein in the serum. It is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives:Identification of patients with cardiovascular system events in the field of dyslipidemia, diagnostic and therapeutic assessment for patients with high lipid levels and CDV risk,treatment of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. This was a retrospective study. The samples were collected in a nonpublic cardiology clinic in Tirana, for the period of 2021- 2023, from patients with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and associated pathologies. Patients provided their consent. Through a standardized questionnaire, demographic data, clinical data, laboratory data, and data on comorbidities and lifestyle factors (nutrition, heredity, smoking, etc.) were collected. This questionnaire was completed at the first visit in 2021, when the entire study population had dyslipidemia but not CVD, and at the second visit from 2022—2023, the study population had dyslipidemia and CVD). The sample was organized into two groups of patients: a control population and a random population. The data were transformed into a database and processed through SPSS statistical software. This study included 96 patients with a mean age of 64.4 years. Approximaly 61.4% of patients were found to have high rates of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Increased total cholesterol values were observed in 36.5% of patients, hypertriglyceridemia in 28.1% and hypercholesterolemia in 32.3%. Statistical data revealed a significant correlation between increased cholesterol and triglyceride values with some levels and several variables, such as age, sex, comorbidities and lifestyle, with a p value <0.05. A strong statistical correlation was found between hypercholesterolemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease (p-value= 0.01; OR = 2.4; 95% CI).