NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF BCS CLASS II ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC AGENT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action, leading to severe complications if left uncontrolled.Glimepiride, a widely used sulfonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, falls under the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II, signifying its poor solubility and high permeability.This review explores the challenges associated with the solubility and bioavailability of BCS class II drugs, particularly glimepiride, and discusses nanocrystal technology as a promising approach to overcome these limitations.Nanocrystals enhance drug solubility and dissolution rates, thus improving bioavailability.The review delves into various techniques for the preparation of nanocrystals, including precipitation, milling, and high-pressure homogenization, and emphasizes the importance of characterization methods to ensure stability and efficacy.Factors influencing nanocrystal instability, such as aggregation and Ostwald ripening, are also addressed.The review concludes that nanocrystal formulations offer a significant advancement in the development of more effective and safer anti-diabetic therapies, with glimepiride serving as a prime example of the potential benefits of this approach.