AI-DRIVEN GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATION

The article discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the automation of greenhouse management based on artificial intelligence (AI). Modern agriculture faces problems such as limited arable land, climate change and the need to ensure food security for a growing population. AI combined with computer vision and machine learning enables more precise management in greenhouses, which in turn contributes to higher yields and lower resource costs. However, automated systems face significant challenges, especially in the context of the war in Ukraine. These include dependence on internet connectivity, the risk of crop failure due to force majeure and the need for high resilience to external factors. The article includes an analysis of scientific research confirming the potential of AI in greenhouse management, as well as an examination of existing solutions such as LUNA by iUNU, AgroFlow and Heliospectra. The LUNA solution integrates computer vision for real-time monitoring of plant conditions, enabling precise management of climatic conditions. AgroFlow specializes in optimizing irrigation and monitoring soil conditions, while Heliospectra uses intelligent LED lighting systems to maximize photosynthesis. These technologies reduce the use of water, fertilizers and energy and increase yields by 15-30% under different conditions. The authors pay particular attention to the challenges associated with dependence on cloud services and internet connectivity, which can lead to interruptions in system operation. Proposed solutions include implementing local data processing systems, backup power sources, alternative connectivity technologies such as satellite internet and dividing the greenhouse power supply into zones with implemented queues. Overall, the authors conclude that the development of autonomous greenhouses with AI can significantly improve the yield performance and stability of agricultural production, reduce dependence on external resources and increase the resilience of greenhouse systems to external factors, which is particularly important in emergencies such as war and natural disasters.