AUTOMATION OF CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND LOAD OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN CASE OF SEPARATION FROM THE POWER SYSTEM

This report discusses the current issues of distributed energy systems, in particular in the context of Ukraine, which is facing challenges in maintaining reliable electricity supply due to the war. Particular attention is paid to the use of the ‘energy island’ concept to ensure the autonomy of energy supply in the face of possible emergencies or attacks on infrastructure. The term ‘energy island’ covers self-sufficient systems that can operate autonomously from the main power grid, combining distributed energy sources (RES), including renewable energy sources, and consumers within microgrids. The text provides examples of countries that have already successfully implemented such an isolated power system and analyses the potential benefits of introducing similar technologies in Ukraine. The report emphasises the strategic importance of distributed generation (DG), which can operate independently of the centralised power system in crisis conditions. Based on a literature review and international experience, a structured concept of a microgrid based on distributed generators with autonomous control systems is proposed. The article describes the technical features of automation systems that ensure stable functioning of the microgrid in the conditions of disconnection from the main grid. In particular, it describes the requirements for automatic frequency and voltage regulators, reclosers that ensure safe transition to the island mode, as well as generator monitoring and synchronisation systems. The study is aimed at improving the reliability of the Ukrainian power system through the introduction of distributed energy sources and energy storage systems (ESS), which will increase the resilience of distribution networks to external influences. An important element of the study is the emphasis on the advantages of hydroelectric power plants, which can be easily started without an external power source, as they require minimal energy for auxiliary systems, so the report uses a hydroelectric power plant as an example, although the principles are generally relevant to other DGS