Social, economic, and cultural dimensions of wheat stripe rust dynamics in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The present study examined the cultural significance of wheat and the threat of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, aiming to protect wheat farming heritage, promote sustainable practices, and ensure future food security. A mixed-methods approach was employed to capture the multifaceted role of wheat within Rawalpindi’s social structure, traditions, and food security dynamics. Surveys and interviews revealed that most wheat fields were at the tillering and heading stages during the survey period. Sporadic disease outbreaks, particularly at the milking stage, were reported in areas such as Maira Shareef and Chakri villages, highlighting localized infections. To achieve the study objectives, the qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 10 agricultural specialists in wheat cultivation and 12 experienced wheat farmers, selected through purposive sampling. For the quantitative component, stratified random sampling was used to engage 300 wheat farmers, providing broader insights into farming practices and disease awareness. A significant contrast emerged regarding awareness of wheat stripe rust disease. Although farmers expressed concern about its potential to reduce yields, much of the general population remained unaware of the disease. This underscores the importance of targeted awareness initiatives, such as grassroots campaigns delivered in local languages to address these knowledge gaps effectively. The study emphasized the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, and farmers, to develop disease-resistant wheat varieties. It also advocated for ecosystem-based pest management strategies to mitigate the impact of wheat stripe rust and ensure the sustainability of wheat farming traditions.