Genetic Variations in Staphylococcus aureus Two-Component Systems and Antimicrobial Stress Responses

Staphylococcus aureus utilizes two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) for sensing and responding to stressors such as antimicrobials. Variations in the sequence of TCSs involved in antimicrobial resistance, such as WalRK, VraSR, LytSR, GraSR, NsaRS, HptSR, and AirRS, may influence the resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical isolates from Basra Governorate in southern Iraq, which includes cows, sheep, dogs, cats, and humans. The total number of variants was 19,176, 19,924, 20,168, 20,499, and 42,248 for MHC, MHB, MHH, MHF, and MHO, respectively. Compared to the other isolates, the MHO isolate from a sheep clinical case exhibited the highest number of variants. The synonymous and missense mutations were the highest in the MHO strain compared to other isolates. The MHH human strain showed resistance to seven antibiotics compared to other isolates of animal origin, Which showed resistance to antibiotics for two types of antibiotics according to the results of what we did to test the antibiotic sensitivity using the Vitek device, in addition to the analysis of the genome sequence of the genes of the two-component system, which revealed differences between the local isolates, which affected their antibiotic resistance profile