Osseointegration and Foreign Body Reaction of Dental Implants

The concept of titanium dental implant osseointegration is associated with mechanical stability and the formation of mineralized bone tissue at the organism-implant interface. However, a conceptual divergence exists explaining why only titanium implants have osseointegration. It is possible to explain the differences between the interaction mechanisms of cells and proteins with titanium, zirconia, stainless steel, or other material implants. Due to this lack of explanation, some researchers proposed that titanium implants have a foreign body reaction and zirconia implants have osseointegration. This work presents the differences between the organism’s responses to titanium and zirconia.