Cultivation technology and fertilizer application system as a way to reduce the variability of spring wheat yield

The article presents the results of a study on the effect of mineral fertilizers on reducing the variability of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under various hydrothermal conditions. Wheat was grown in a crop rotation with traditional and no-till technology of soil cultivation on southern carbonate chernozem with a pea predecessor. It was established that themaximum content of productive moisture in the meter-thick soil layer before sowing wheat after peas was observed in 2019, its amount with traditional technology was 163,6 mm, with zero technology – 180 mm, the minimum in 2020 was 112,4 and 84,5 mm, respectively. The maximum yield of spring wheat in the unfertilized version was obtained in 2019 – 25,4 c/ha with traditional technology and 22,3 c/ha with zero technology. The minimum yield was noted in 2022 – 14,1 and 8,8 c/ha, respectively. The use of ammophos (P20) in rows during sowing provided an average increase in the wheat grain yield for 2018-2022 with traditional technology by 3.1 c/ha (control 19,2 c/ha). Surface application of ammonium nitrate (in autumn or spring) together with ammophos significantly increased wheat yield by another 3,0-3,3 c/ha. With no-till technology, ammophos increased grain harvest by 3,5 c/ha (control 15,8 c/ha), additional application of ammonium nitrate provided a similar effect. Under traditional technology, the lowest variability in spring wheat yield was obtained in the variant with annual pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of P20 (19,0 %). With no-till technology, the variation coefficient was high in all variants, especially pronounced in the variant with row application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30–47,3 %.