SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE FORMATION OF A GREEN ECONOMY

The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed significant global changes, including transformative shifts that have profoundly impacted the world economy. Energy consumption plays a pivotal role in both the competitiveness of goods and the achievement of sustainable economic growth. In this context, the concept of a green economy has gained increasing prominence amid deepening globalization. Since the 2020s, rising carbon emissions have underscored the urgent need for enhanced decarbonization efforts. For the first time in history, global calls to prioritize decarbonization are surpassing concerns over energy security. This shift reflects growing ecological imbalances and environmental stress caused by excessive carbon emissions. During the mid-20th century, economic crises and geopolitical tensions were largely centered on controlling energy resources. While this led to the development of numerous oil and gas fields, contemporary challenges associated with traditional energy sources have accelerated efforts toward decarbonization. Global climate change further compounds these challenges, making the transition to renewable energy and green technologies imperative. The formation of a green economy is thus crucial to restoring ecological balance and fostering sustainable development.