ENTERAL NUTRITION OF PRETERM INFANTS (2022): A POSITION PAPER FROM THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PAEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY AND NUTRITION AND INVITED EXPERTS

A professional translation into Ukrainian of the updated ESPGHAN Nutrition Committee consensus statements and recommendations on nutrient intake and nutritional management for preterm infants with birth weight <1800 g. These recommendations can be used in clinical practice, but highlight the lack of convincing evidence in several topic areas and the need for further high quality research, especially studies that assess long-term functional outcomes. The article is accompanied by additional digital content that provides a more complete explanation of the literature and relevant physiology: introduction and overview; background on human milk; intake of water, protein, energy, fat, carbohydrate, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins; feeding regimen, including minimum enteral feeding, rate of increase in feeding volume, management of gastric residues, gastric tube placement and bolus or continuous feeding Growth; breast milk, oral colostrum, donor breast milk and risk of cytomegalovirus infection; hydrolysed protein and osmolality; supplemental bionutrients and use of breast milk fortification.