Investigating the Relationship between Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Patients

Introduction: Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent among obese individuals, posing significant health risks globally. Understanding their relationship is crucial for effective management. Methodology: Data from 81 obese individuals with identified sleep apnea at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in Islamabad from June 2021 to May 2024 were examined in this retroactive cohort research. Using logistic regression, demographic information, sleep apnea degree (Apnea-Hypopnea Index, AHI), cardiovascular risk factors, and outcomes were examined. Results: The study revealed a high frequency (67%), of moderate to severe OSA (AHI >15). Common comorbidies were hypertension (58%), diabetes mellitus (42%), and coronary artery disease (27%). A 1.54-fold higher chances of cardiovascular events (p < 0.001) with per unit rise in AHI score. Conclusion: In obese people, the degree of sleep apnea strongly corresponds with cardiovascular risk. Reducing these hazards depends on integrated management plans. New therapy strategies should be investigated in future studies and results validated among several populations.