STUDY OF SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF BLOOD PLASMA OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF YAKUTIA

The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal changes in the composition of plasma fatty acids in the blood of indigenous peoples of the North as a mechanism of adaptation to extreme climatic conditions. The object of the study were Yakut male students (n=26), who were examined in four seasons: autumn, winter, spring and summer. Written informed voluntary consent was obtained from each participant. The longitudinal study included the determination of the level of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different seasons of the year using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were statistically processed on the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 web platform in order to identify seasonal changes in the metabolic profile. The study showed that seasonal changes in the composition of plasma fatty acids are an important mechanism of adaptation of the body of young Yakut men to the harsh conditions of the North. Autumn changes in the lipid profile ensure a smooth transition to the winter period and create the basis for successful adaptation of the body to cold stress. A decrease in the level of SFA in winter is associated with their active use to ensure thermoregulation and maintain energy balance, while an increase in the proportion of PUFA and MUFA helps maintain the structure and function of cell membranes in cold conditions. PUFA also play a key role in maintaining psychoemotional stability and cognitive functions, which is important for survival and normal functioning under winter stress. Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile may be key elements in the adaptation of indigenous populations to harsh climatic conditions.key elements in the adaptation of indigenous populations to harsh climatic conditions.