The effect of white noise in minimizing pain caused by invasive procedures performed during the hospitalization of newborn infants: A systematic literature review

White noise is a monotonous sound composed of all audible frequencies, which is a suitable non-pharmacological intervention for pain relief. Summarise the existing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of white noise in minimising pain caused by invasive procedures performed during newborn hospitalisation. A systematic literature review, which includes quantitative primary studies. The research was performed in five databases for original articles published between 2017 and 2023. Seven articles were selected for the quantitative synthesis through methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Seven factors related to noise and noise use were decisive in newborns' perception of pain and score. White noise is effective in minimising pain, so its application before, during, and after these procedures should be considered, especially by nurses.