Hydroxyurea-induced hemolytic anemia in myeloproliferative disorder: A case report

This case study addresses the side effects of hydroxyurea medication in a male patient, age 62, who has had myeloproliferative disease for two years. The patient presented with symptoms of giddiness, chillness, and loss of appetite, prompting admission to the general medicine department. As a result of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, hematological and biochemical analyses showed a marked decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), and platelets. Additionally, abnormal values in liver function tests and electrolyte levels were observed, suggesting multi-system involvement. A one-year treatment of hydroxyurea, thalidomide, and folic acid was part of the patient's medical history. A concerning rise in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and red cell distribution width (RDW) was seen in the hematological report, which further demonstrated the seriousness of the hemolytic process. The detailed analysis underscores the adverse effects of hydroxyurea, leading to hemolytic anemia, and exacerbating the existing myeloproliferative disorder. This case emphasizes the critical need for close monitoring of patients undergoing hydroxyurea therapy. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant for potential adverse reactions, especially hemolytic anemia, to ensure timely intervention and optimization of patient care. Adjustments to the treatment plan, along with comprehensive management strategies, are essential to mitigate risks and enhance the overall well-being of individuals with myeloproliferative disorders undergoing hydroxyurea therapy.