Application of wearable sensors in crop phenotyping and microenvironment monitoring

• A comprehensive review of the latest advancements in crop wearable sensors. • Detailed exploration of design concepts and applications for various crop wearable sensors. • Investigation of the development of crop wearable sensors under the global push for green production. • Discussion of future prospects and challenges facing crop wearable sensors. The increasing demand for food and the threats posed by environmental and biological stresses to crops necessitate monitoring crop growth to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Wearable sensors, which can be seamlessly attached to crop surfaces, hold significant promise for tracking phenotypic traits and the microenvironment influencing these characteristics. These sensors, known for their high resistance to interference, spatial resolution, convenience, and accuracy, are emerging as valuable tools for crop monitoring. This paper systematically reviews the types and applications of wearable sensors, discussing their widespread use in monitoring physiological traits, phenotypes, microenvironments, and plant stress. The study also explores the research on autonomous and biodegradable sensors in the context of global green production trends. Finally, the challenges and prospects of wearable sensors in promoting crop health are discussed.