The influence of fasting periods on slowing brain aging and preserving cognitive functioning

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF THIS WORK Advanced age is a significant risk factor for the onset of cognitive decline. Nutritional interventions, including caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF), have garnered considerable attention for their potential neuroprotective effects. Emerging evidence suggests that these dietary approaches may attenuate age-related neurological deterioration. This review explores the mechanisms through which intermittent fasting may enhance cognitive function. METHODS AND MATERIALS For this review, we used the literature available in PubMed, searching the following keywords: “brain aging”, “cognition and diet”;”neuroprotection”;“caloric restriction”;“neuroplasticity”. The search results were limited to studies from 2005 to 2024, as well as key studies from earlier years. Authors took into consideration articles originally written in English. In the end, 25 articles were included in this review. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF THE KNOWLEDGE In recent decades, advancements in medical science and increased public awareness regarding health-promoting behaviors have contributed to a rise in life expectancy, leading to a growing elderly population. Consequently, the role of modifiable factors, such as dietary patterns, is proven to be an important elements which contributes to delaying brain aging. CONCLUSIONS The review indicates the evidence supporting the positive effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on cognitive function remains lacking. Nonetheless, numerous promising mechanisms have been identified but in short-term studies, suggesting potential benefits in mitigating cognitive decline. These findings underscore the necessity for longitudinal studies to comprehensively evaluate the long-term effects of IF on cognitive health.