To determine the proportion of rheumatic musculoskeletal manifestations in type 2 diabetic individuals

Background: Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Disorders (RMSD) are recognized complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly in regions with high DM prevalence like India. The impact of DM on musculoskeletal health is exacerbated by lifestyle changes and prolonged hyperglycemia, leading to joint stiffening and increased glycosylation of collagen. There is limited evidence on RMSD complications among individuals with DM in this region.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College & Postgraduate Institute, Indore, from September 2022 to February 2024. The study included 125 patients with type 2 DM aged 30-70 years, who presented with rheumatic musculoskeletal manifestations. Data were collected through a predesigned proforma, which included detailed patient history and relevant investigations.Results: The majority of participants were aged 45-59 years (48.9%), with a slightly higher proportion of females (53.4%). Musculoskeletal manifestations varied across age groups, with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) being the most prevalent, particularly in the 45-59 years age group. HbA1c levels were significantly associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions, with those having higher HbA1c levels (>7%) showing a broader distribution of conditions like osteoarthritis and frozen shoulder. Additionally, the duration of diabetes was significantly linked to the occurrence of musculoskeletal complications, such as rheumatoid arthritis and positive X-ray findings in knees and shoulders.Conclusion: The study highlights the significant relationship between diabetes duration, glycemic control, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal complications in patients with type 2 DM. Early diagnosis and targeted interventions based on diabetes duration and HbA1c levels are crucial to mitigating the associated risks and improving patient outcomes.