Biological Security: Current Trends in Legal Regulation and Contemporary Challenges

This article examines the legal provision of biological security as an essential element of environmental security. It analyzes various scientific approaches to defining the concept of "biological security," including researchers' perspectives on its components and significance for health and the environment. The importance of adopting a broad approach in legislation to define the term "biological security" is justified. Domestic legislation on biological security is reviewed, with a focus on the Law of Ukraine "On the State System of Biological Security in the Creation, Testing, Transportation, and Use of Genetically Modified Organisms" as the foundation for legal regulation in this area. It is noted that the Biosafety and Biological Security Strategy, approved by the Presidential Decree of Ukraine in 2021, is one of the most important strategic documents in the field of biological security. Based on the provisions of this Strategy and other legal acts, the main biological threats in Ukraine are identified, which include, among others, invasive alien species, genetically modified organisms, infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, and ecological changes that directly affect human, animal, and ecosystem health. The existing threats necessitate a comprehensive approach to regulation and control. The Strategy notably enumerates all potential biological threats for the first time at the legislative level, representing a significant advancement. It is argued that the establishment of a clear legislative framework contributes to effective management in combating all biological threats. The conclusion emphasizes the need for further improvement of legal regulation in the field of biological security and biological protection.