Life cycle cost analysis of ultra-thin white topping of geopolymer concrete overlay on bituminous concrete pavement

The social and economic growth of nations greatly depends on effective pavement maintenance methods that adhere to sustainable principles, ensuring long-term durability and performance. Conventional methods for maintaining bituminous concrete pavements, such as using a bituminous concrete overlay, are not always the most efficient. In contrast, concrete overlays have consistently demonstrated superior performance globally. This paper focuses on the design, analysis of life cycle costs, and assessment of emissions of greenhouse gases associated with bituminous concrete pavement from a life cycle perspective. It evaluates two maintenance strategies: a bituminous concrete overlay and an ultra-thin geopolymer concrete overlay (often called "white topping"). The findings suggest that utilizing sustainable materials in an ultra- thin white topping (UTWT) geopolymer concrete overlay is a more favorable option when compared to a bituminous concrete overlay. The life cycle cost study, utilizing the net present value approach, demonstrates its superior economic viability in the long run. The study suggests that using a very thin layer of white topping geopolymer concrete as an overlay on bituminous concrete pavement improves its long term performance and provides economic and environmental advantages.