Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice for Sustainable Agriculture

The primary goal of this study is to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) to promote sustainable agricultural practices. This involves reducing the dependency on nitrogen fertilizers while maintaining or improving rice productivity and minimizing environmental impacts. Key discoveries include the identification of genetic and agronomic strategies to improve NUE. Genetic approaches, such as the manipulation of NIN-like proteins (OsNLP1 and OsNLP3), have shown promise in enhancing NUE and grain yield under varying nitrogen conditions. Additionally, site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) and digital decision support tools like Rice Crop Manager have been effective in optimizing nitrogen application, thereby improving NUE and reducing environmental pollution. The integration of conventional breeding, molecular genetics, and alternative farming techniques has also been highlighted as essential for achieving sustainable improvements in NUE. The findings underscore the importance of a multifaceted approach combining genetic, agronomic, and technological innovations to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in rice. These strategies not only improve rice productivity but also contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing nitrogen losses and pollution. Future research should focus on refining these approaches and promoting their adoption among farmers to achieve long-term sustainability in rice production.