Numerical analysis of dipole-induced interactions in casson micropolar ferrofluids: Impacts on fluid flow and heat transfer under external magnetic fields

Abstract This study examines micropolar ferrofluids containing microstructures under the influence of an external magnetic field. The presence of ferroparticles and the magnetic field can lead to the generation of dipoles among these particles, which may significantly affect the fluid flow and heat transfer properties of the ferrofluid. The research utilizes a mathematical framework incorporating the equations of mass, momentum, angular momentum, and energy, alongside Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. This framework leads to a system of partial differential equations, which are subsequently converted into ordinary differential equations and solved using the BVP4C numerical method. The results, presented through graphs and tables, demonstrate how variations in physical parameters related to microstructures, dipole interactions, and the Casson fluid model influence fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The findings show that the fluid’s skin friction increases with higher micro-rotation and fluid parameters, while it decreases with a stronger magnetic parameter along the plate. The angular velocity of the ferrofluid increases due to the presence of a larger number of microstructures near the wall, which contribute to higher angular velocity gradients.