Chitosan ‘s role in enhancing nasal drug absorption

The nasal drug delivery system (NDDS) offers a promising route for the administration of therapeutically active compounds, particularly for those requiring rapid onset of action or bypassing the first-pass metabolism. The system provides a direct pathway to the bloodstream, enhancing bioavailability and enabling effective treatment of both local and systemic conditions. Among various enhancement strategies, chitosan, a biopolymer derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, has garnered attention as a potent nasal absorption enhancer. Its mucoadhesive properties and ability to temporarily open tight junctions in the nasal epithelium allow for improved drug permeation, particularly for hydrophilic drugs, peptides, and macromolecules. This research focuses on the extraction, characterization, and application of chitosan derived from crab and prawn shells to formulate an effective nasal drug delivery system, particularly for the treatment of migraines. The study aims to develop a nasal spray formulation containing sumatriptan Succinate commonly used migraine medication, to enhance its absorption through the nasal mucosa. The role of chitosan in improving the bioavailability and targeting of drugs to the brain is examined, alongside its biocompatibility and safety profile. Through various in-vitro and ex-vivo studies, the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity of the chitosan-based nasal formulation are evaluated. The findings suggest that chitosan enhances the therapeutic potential of nasal drug delivery systems, providing faster relief with improved drug absorption. This study underscores the potential of natural polysaccharides in revolutionizing drug delivery technologies and improving patient outcomes.