A Comparison of Open-Source Learning Management Systems Used for Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions

In recent years, advancements in digitalization and internet technologies have facilitated the widespread adoption of distance education and blended learning models in higher education institutions. In this process, Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become essential tools that enhance the quality of education by providing functions such as sharing educational materials, organizing exams, and monitoring student performance. Open-source LMS platforms stand out due to their customizable structures, cost advantages, and strong community support. This study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of open-source LMSs commonly used in higher education institutions, such as Moodle, Open edX, Sakai, ILIAS, and Canvas. Based on criteria such as user-friendly interfaces, plugin options, data security, and technical support, this review assesses the systems' contributions to educational processes and user experiences. The findings reveal that Moodle and Open edX, with over 140 million and 14 million users respectively, excel in scalability and analytics capabilities, while platforms like Chamilo and Dokeos are more suitable for smaller institutions due to their simplicity and lightweight structure. The study concludes that open-source LMS platforms, with their flexible and economical structures, provide effective tools for supporting the digital transformation of education and offers guidance for selecting suitable platforms to meet institutional goals.