The Effect of Smoking on Occurrence of Parotid Gland Tumors in Nineveh: Case-Control Study

Background: The parotid gland is the most common site of salivary gland tumors, the majority of these tumors are not malignant, Warthin tumors are the second most common type of cancer after pleomorphic adenomas. At present, tobacco is not classied as carcinogenic for the salivary gland due to inadequate research on the association between smoking and salivary gland tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the connection between smoking and parotid gland tumors (PTG) in a state-scale study. Materials and Methods: A group of (438) population-based controls that are individually matched and 200 incident PGT patients who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2020 were included in the sample. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the danger of PGT correlated with dierent smoking factors by using odds ratios (ORs) and accompanying 95% condence intervals (95% CI) around rates, and the statistical signicance was determined by a P value of 0.05. Results: Cigarette smoking was found to be associated with a PGT development with an odds ratio (OR) of (1.5) (95% CI), (1.0156–2.3003). The risk was higher when there was an increase in smoking intensity, in which (OR) 2,2 and [95% CI] (1.1012–4.3952), p value D 0.0255. Whereas smoking duration (OR) 2,1 and 95% condence intervals (1.0379–4.1819). Histological type analysis revealed remarkably high risks for pleomorphic adenomas (Chi-squared: Signicance level: P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current study indicates that smoking is associated with the risk of PGT and has multiple causal relationships:extremelyhighORs;theintensityanddurationoftobaccousewerefoundtohavesignicantdose-response relationships