Furazan and Furoxan—A Promising Building Block for Energetic Materials

ABSTRACT This review summarizes the representative furazan/furoxan‐based high‐energy‐density materials (HEDMs) synthesized in recent years, the related detonation parameters, and their synthesis methods, as well as classifies them based on their engineering practicality. These materials have furazan or furoxan as the key structure, which is linked to various energetic groups or nitrogen‐rich and nitrogen–oxygen azoles, such as 1,2,4‐triazole, tetrazole, and 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles. The review also mentions several compounds linked by two or more furazan/furoxan rings. For compounds capable of synthesizing ionic salts, some corresponding ionic salts of energetic compounds are also presented. The majority of discussed compounds have relatively good detonation properties and high sensitivity. They also have the potential to replace existing conventional explosives, such as TNT, RDX, and HMX.