Scientific Translations of “Da-xue” in 19th Century Russia: A Comparative Analysis of Approaches of Nikita Bichurin and Dmitry Sivillov

This article presents a comparative analysis of two translations of the Confucian text “Da-xue,” undertaken by prominent Russian sinologists N. Ya. Bichurin and D. P. Sivillov in the 19th century. The aim of the study is to juxtapose the scholars’ approaches to translating and interpreting this classical Chinese philosophical text. The research material consists of manuscript translations and original Chinese canonical texts. The findings demonstrate a high level of scholarly accuracy in both translations, despite differences in methodology. Bichurin’s translation, based on a Qing dynasty educational resource, is distinguished by its rich commentary and cultural explanations. In contrast, Sivillov’s work, which relies on the original “Da-xue” text, is characterized by its conciseness and fidelity to the source. The analysis reveals divergent translation strategies employed by the scholars: Bichurin aimed for a more literal translation while preserving culturally specific elements, whereas Sivillov adapted the text for the Russian readership. Both translations significantly contributed to the development of scientific translation methodology for Chinese classics in 19th century Russia. The study underscores the value of these works for the understanding of Confucian philosophy and the history of Russian sinology. The results may find application in contemporary translation practices and in teaching the history of sinology.