Advancements in Research on Non-AR- Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (Pca) is a significant malignancy affecting men's health, with its incidence steadily increasing worldwide in recent years. Among its various subtypes, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) holds particular importance due to its pivotal role in the progression and management of Pca. The treatment options for Pca range from surgery to medication. However, the mechanisms underlying CRPC remain complex, with abnormal signal transduction pathways identified as a key factor in its development and progression. While the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway is widely recognized as central to CRPC pathogenesis, emerging research highlights the critical involvement of the non-AR signaling pathway in the disease. Prominent pathways in the disease include PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog, Notch, HOXB13, and Jak2-Stat5a/b. Understanding the interplay between non-AR signaling pathways is vital for advancing therapeutic strategies for Pca. This work provides a comprehensive review of recent research progress on the relationship between non-AR signaling pathways and CRPC, aiming to offer insights and guidance for future research.