Organometallic features and biotechnology of bituminous dolomites and black (oil) shales in Uzbekistan and in the world

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to bituminous dolomites and black shales as a reserve of complex deposits of the future. Bituminous dolomites and black shales are represented by thin and laterally extended layers, alternating with other varieties of dolomites, shales, limestones, siliceous rocks and bentonites. Bituminous dolomites and black, organically rich shales were deposited in very calm conditions, on or near tectonically stable continental blocks. Some of the richest and largest deposits probably formed on the margins of these blocks, apparently in an environment of foothill stability. Gold and other mineralization apparently accumulated syngenetically with the sediment. It should be noted that the presence of organic matter, and ore and non-metallic minerals in shales contributes to the distribution of metals over all these components. The inorganic part of dolomites and shales contains: silicates and aluminosilicates, sulfides, oxides and other minerals. In addition, a significant part of the metals is included in the composition of organometallic complexes. Oil shales and black dolomites of Uzbekistan are everywhere enriched with molybdenum, vanadium, uranium, tungsten, rhenium, gold and other metals, which are directly dependent on the content of organic carbon. It is assumed that metals in black dolomites and oil shales occur as organometallic compounds since sulfides in the form of molybdenite, ferromolybdenite and powellite are determined only for molybdenum.