Adaptive-biologized potato cultivation technology

The article presents the results of research obtained in two experiments. The objective of the research in the 2010-2012 (leached chernozem, Tambov region) and 2021-2023 (sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, Moscow region) field experiments was to study the possibilities of cultivating domestic potato varieties using adaptive biologized technologies and to compare them with the traditional mineral system. The introduction provides literature data on the degradation of arable land, including under potato plantings, and the reasons causing it. A series of experiments have proven that in order to increase the productivity of potato crop rotations, it is necessary to use green manure, calculate fertilizer doses taking into account soil fertility and the planned yield; a 50% reduction in the doses of NPK fertilizers in combination with green manure and biologically active preparations: azotovit, phosphatovit, bisolbisan, bisobifit, agrovin, etc. Under conditions of prevailing heat and drought in 2010-2012, in the experiment on leached chernozem, the effect of pre-planting treatment of tubers with bacterial preparations (azotovit, 1 l / t + phosphatovit, 1 l / t) was most pronounced in the crop rotation link [(buckwheat + vetch) - potatoes], while bacterial preparations worked well both in unfertilized soil (24.6%) and against the background of half the dose of NPK (20.2%). Also, a high effect of bacterial fertilizers was obtained when cultivating potatoes for 3 years in one place: from 10.6% against the background of a full dose of NPK to 27.0% against the background of a half dose of NPK. In a field experiment on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil (2021-2023), a relatively high potato yield (up to 29.3 t / ha) was ensured by its placement after plowing oilseed rape against the background of a half dose of N31P37K82Mg10 + biopreparations. Complex mineral nutrition against the background of plowing young weeds: [Weeds + (N33P41K79Mg7 + BisolbiFit) + 2-fold spraying of BisolbiSan and Agrovin] also made it possible to obtain a high return on investment and increase the yield to 26.5 t / ha. The increase in yield from the input of agrochemicals against the background of plowing in weed biomass was higher than the values of similar field variants with rapeseed.