(1, 3)-beta-D-Glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a useful biomarker in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary infection caused by Hormographiella aspergillata?

Hormographiella aspergillata is a rare hyaline mold causing invasive fungal infection in humans, until the frequent use of antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts. Due to the high mortality of H. aspergillata infection, early recognition and treatment are crucial. Previous case reports suggested that serum (1,3)-beta-D-Glucan (BG) is one of the diagnostic aids for H. aspergillata infection. Here we report for the first time a case of pulmonary H. aspergillata infection with a negative serum BG but positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) BG. This may suggest that BAL BG is a useful and additional microbiological marker for prompt identification of this fatal invasive fungal infection (IFI). But it should be interpreted together with the clinical presentation, imaging, and other laboratory results.