Exploring Phytotherapeutic Alternatives for Reye Syndrome: Potential for Safe and Effective Treatment

Reye syndrome is a rare, acute, and potentially life-threatening condition marked by rapid liver and brain damage, primarily affecting children and adolescents following viral infections like influenza or varicella. Though the exact cause remains unclear, studies indicate a strong association with the use of aspirin and other salicylates during viral infections, which may disrupt mitochondrial function and lead to hepatic steatosis and encephalopathy. Given the risks of aspirin use in susceptible populations, exploring natural anti-inflammatory alternatives is essential. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Boswellia serrata, Pinus pinaster, and Paeonia lactiflora possess notable anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties, potentially mitigating inflammation without salicylate risks. Curcumin in turmeric and gingerol in ginger exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating inflammatory pathways. Boswellia’s boswellic acids, Pinus pinaster’s proanthocyanidins, and Paeonia lactiflora, paeoniflorin further contribute to immune modulation and neuroprotection. This review discusses these natural alternatives' mechanisms and their potential role in preventing and managing inflammation in children at risk of Reye syndrome, highlighting the need for further studies to validate their safety and efficacy in pediatric populations.